Not all dental issues require the same level of care. While a general dentist handles routine treatments like cleanings and fillings, an oral surgeon specializes in complex surgical procedures such as wisdom tooth removal and dental implants. But how do you know which professional you need?
Understanding the difference between these two dental specialists can help you make informed decisions about your oral health. This guide will break down their roles, common procedures, and when to seek specialized care.
What is a General Dentist?
A general dentist is your primary dental care provider, responsible for preventive care and basic dental treatments. They help maintain good oral health through regular check-ups, cleanings, and restorative treatments.
Common Services Provided by General Dentists
- Routine cleanings and exams to prevent cavities and gum disease
- Fillings and crowns to repair cavities and damaged teeth
- Basic tooth extractions for non-complicated cases
- Gum disease treatment for mild to moderate conditions
- Teeth whitening and cosmetic treatments to improve smile appearance
When to See a General Dentist
- You need a routine dental check-up
- You have a minor cavity that requires a filling
- You need a basic extraction of a non-impacted tooth
- You are experiencing mild gum disease symptoms
What is an Oral Surgeon?
An oral surgeon (also called an oral and maxillofacial surgeon) is a dentist with specialized training in performing complex dental surgeries. These professionals handle cases that go beyond routine dental care, often involving surgery on the jaw, gums, and facial structures.
Common Services Provided by Oral Surgeons
- Wisdom teeth removal, especially if they are impacted
- Dental implant placement to replace missing teeth
- Jaw surgery to correct misalignment or trauma-related injuries
- Bone grafting for patients with insufficient bone to support implants
- Oral pathology and biopsies for abnormal growths or tumors in the mouth
When to See an Oral Surgeon
- Your wisdom teeth are impacted or causing severe pain
- You need a dental implant to replace missing teeth
- You have a jaw misalignment or require corrective surgery
- You have a suspected tumor, cyst, or lesion in the mouth
Key Differences Between Oral Surgeons and General Dentists
| Feature | General Dentist | Oral Surgeon |
| Scope of Care | Routine exams, fillings, crowns, and basic extractions | Complex surgeries, implants, jaw corrections |
| Training | Dental school and general practice training | Additional 4-6 years of surgical training |
| Types of Procedures | Preventive care, minor restorations | Wisdom tooth extractions, implants, reconstructive surgery |
| Complexity of Cases | Mild to moderate | Advanced, requiring surgical intervention |
If your dental issue requires surgical expertise, anesthesia, or complex care, an oral surgeon is the best choice.
Common Procedures by General Dentists
Routine Check-Ups and Cleanings
Regular exams and cleanings help maintain healthy teeth and gums, preventing decay and gum disease.
Fillings and Crowns
Cavities are treated with fillings, while crowns cover and protect damaged teeth.
Basic Tooth Extractions
If a tooth is damaged beyond repair, a general dentist can perform a simple extraction.
Gum Disease Treatment
Early-stage gum disease can often be managed with deep cleaning and medication.
Cosmetic Treatments
General dentists offer teeth whitening, bonding, and veneers for aesthetic improvements.
Common Procedures by Oral Surgeons
Wisdom Tooth Extraction
Wisdom teeth can become impacted, meaning they don’t fully emerge. This can cause pain and infections, requiring surgical removal.
Dental Implants
Oral surgeons place titanium implants in the jawbone to replace missing teeth. This is a multi-step process that requires precise surgical skills.
Bone Grafting
If there is not enough bone to support an implant, a surgeon adds bone material to strengthen the jaw.
Jaw Surgery
Some patients need orthognathic surgery to correct jaw misalignment for better function and appearance.
Treatment of Oral Diseases and Tumors
Oral surgeons biopsy and remove abnormal growths in the mouth.
When Do You Need Specialized Dental Care?
Some dental problems require more than just a routine visit to the dentist.
Signs You May Need an Oral Surgeon
- Severe tooth pain that won’t go away
- Impacted wisdom teeth
- Missing teeth requiring implants
- Difficulty chewing or jaw pain
- Suspected tumors or cysts in the mouth
If your general dentist determines that your case is too complex, they will refer you to an oral surgeon.
The Referral Process: From General Dentist to Oral Surgeon
How It Works
- Dental Exam: Your general dentist assesses your issue.
- Referral: If surgery is needed, you’ll be referred to an oral surgeon.
- Consultation with Oral Surgeon: The surgeon evaluates your case, takes X-rays, and discusses treatment options.
- Procedure and Recovery: The oral surgeon performs the surgery, followed by a healing period.
Questions to Ask Your Oral Surgeon
- What are the risks and benefits of this procedure?
- What type of anesthesia will be used?
- How long is the recovery period?
Benefits of Specialized Dental Care
Seeing an oral surgeon when necessary provides:
- Expertise in complex procedures for better results
- Faster recovery times due to advanced techniques
- Lower risk of complications with specialized care
General dentists play a crucial role in preventive care, while oral surgeons handle surgical and advanced treatments.
How to Choose the Right Dental Professional
For Routine Care and Minor Issues
- Choose a general dentist for regular check-ups, fillings, and cleanings
- Look for a provider with positive patient reviews and a friendly environment
For Surgery and Complex Issues
- Choose an oral surgeon for extractions, implants, and jaw corrections
- Ensure they have certifications from a reputable dental board
If you’re unsure, start with a general dentist, and they will guide you to the right specialist if needed.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
Can a general dentist remove wisdom teeth?
Yes, if the extraction is simple. If the teeth are impacted, an oral surgeon is needed.
How do I know if I need a dental implant?
If you have missing teeth and want a long-term solution, consult an oral surgeon for implant evaluation.
What’s the difference between an oral surgeon and a periodontist?
An oral surgeon performs surgical procedures, while a periodontist specializes in gum disease and implant placement.
How painful is oral surgery?
Most procedures are done under anesthesia, so there is little to no pain during surgery. Some discomfort is expected during recovery.
Both general dentists and oral surgeons play important roles in dental care. A general dentist handles routine check-ups, cleanings, and minor treatments, while an oral surgeon performs more advanced procedures like wisdom tooth extractions, implants, and jaw surgery.
If you are experiencing dental pain or need specialized treatment, start with a general dentist, and they will refer you to an oral surgeon if necessary.
Not sure what kind of care you need? Book a consultation with a dental professional today to get personalized advice and the right treatment plan.